According to a recent scientific discovery, future lunar bases might be powered by solar panels made from molten moon dust, converting the Moon’s surface into an energy source.
In order to construct a functional solar panel, researchers at the University of Potsdam have developed so-called “moonglass” solar cells, which are created by melting artificial moon dust, also known as “regolith,” and then mixing it with a layer of perovskite crystal.
According to the researchers, the device may be more radiation-resistant, lighter, and less expensive than the panels now in use in space. This week, the journal Device published their findings.
Solar panels now power space stations, satellites, and rovers on Mars and the moon. Currently, all of these arrays are constructed on Earth and sent into orbit.
Felix Lang, lead author of the paper, said that while the silicon-based solar cells used in space now are “amazing” — reaching efficiencies of 30% to 40% they are very expensive. They are also heavy because they use glass or a thick foil as a cover. “It’s hard to justify lifting all these cells into space,” he said.
Harnessing the Moon’s own regolith could be a game-changer. By creating moonglass directly on the lunar surface and pairing it with a thin layer of perovskite crystals brought from Earth, the researchers found they could slash launch mass by 99%.
Once the materials are collected, turning them into solar panels on the Moon would require “minimal equipment,” according to the researchers, because they can be made with raw regolith that doesn’t need to be pre-processed. The team says they have already achieved promising results by using a large curved mirror and sunlight to focus a beam hot enough to melt regolith into moonglass.
Since moonglass is made from raw regolith, it’s milky-white instead of transparent, limiting its light-harvesting potential. The best prototypes from the Potsdam team reached about 12% efficiency — roughly half that of conventional perovskite cells. But simulations suggest they could eventually match the efficiency of conventional perovskite cells.
Nicholas Bennett at the University of Technology Sydney told New Scientist that this is the first successful use of moonglass in a functioning solar cell. The real challenge now, he says, is producing large quantities of the stuff outside of the lab.
Moonglass panels are the latest in a string of high-tech bids to lay the foundations for a permanent human presence on the Moon. Other planned projects include using moon dust to 3D-print a lunar base, building oxygen extraction systems from regolith, and even building space mirrors that melt the Moon’s ice into drinking water.
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